Structural color design faces the challenge of non-unique mappings between color and nanostructure. Researchers developed a ...
The growth of urban landscapes has genarally reduced biodiversity worldwide. Invertebrates have explored different environments, and it usually takes different sampling techniques to get a ...
Abstract: This paper proposes the application of a recursive stratified sampling technique for improving the assessment of the lightning performance of power distribution lines through the application ...
Institute for Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department for Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, ...
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Individual prediction uncertainty is a key aspect of clinical prediction model performance; however ...
People often have their decisions influenced by rare outcomes, such as buying a lottery and believing they will win, or not buying a product because of a few negative reviews. Previous research has ...
As genetic studies grow, researchers are increasingly seeking to identify rare genetic variants with large impacts on traits. In this paper, we combine theoretical methods and data analysis to show ...
Reinforcement learning from human feedback RLHF is essential for ensuring quality and safety in LLMs. State-of-the-art LLMs like Gemini and GPT-4 undergo three training stages: pre-training on large ...
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